欧美……一区二区三区,欧美日韩亚洲另类视频,亚洲国产欧美日韩中字,日本一区二区三区dvd视频在线

上海乾思生物科技有限公司
中級(jí)會(huì)員 | 第16年

18916423352

細(xì)胞庫
優(yōu)勢(shì)品牌
Encapsula NanoSciences Quidel Bioporto Salimetrics Research Products International Corp Quanta BioDesign Peninsula Laboratories International Golden West Diagnostics Ocean NanoTech HaemoScan affinitybiologicals Cytodiagnostics Innovagen AB CLIAwaived Svar Abbexa ABMgood AffinityImmuno AGScientific AHF analysentechnik AG Alomone 英國Antibodies AstaTech Avidity Badrilla BioAcademia Biomatik Biosynth BioTeZ Biotrend Calbiotech CaroteNature Cell Sciences Click Chemistry Tools Cohesion Biosciences CordenPharma Cosmo Bio Creative Biomart Crystal Chem Crystalgen Diagnovum DiaMetra Dianova Diatheva Eagle Manufacturing Echelon Biosciences Edgebio Emfret Epoch Life Science Equitech-Bio Eramask Euro Diagnostica Exocell Fine Science Tools GenwayBio Giotto Biotech Glen Research Glycosynth Gold Biotechnology Golden West Biologicals Haemtech(HTI) Herolab IHC WORLD ImmuChrom GmbH Immunostep Immunotools Immunovision INCELL Corporation Innovative Research Innovrsrch(IRA) Insitus Iris Biotech GmbH Isosep IST Engineering Inc J.G. Finneran Kainos Kamiya Biomedical Labor Diagnostika Nord Larodan Laysanbio Lc laboratories Lee BioSolutions LGC Biosearch Technologies Lifecore List Labs lumiprobe Macrocyclics Medix Biochemica Meridian Life Science Microbix Milenia Biotec Moscerdam Mybiosource Nanoimmunotech Nanoprobes Neuro Probe Paratechs Physitemp Polypure Polysciences Probetex Progen ProScience Inc ProSpec QAbio Qorpak Quanta BioSciences QuickZyme RevMAb Biosciences SCHMIDT BioMedTech Seven Hills Foundation Smartox Biotechnology Spherotech Surgimax Swant SYSY Ted Pella Torpac Trilink USBio VIDIA Ltd ViroStat Virusys VP-scientific Xcessbio XENOMETRIX Zeptometrix ZYTOVISION
自產(chǎn)ELISA試劑盒,試劑盒
進(jìn)口ELISA試劑盒
人細(xì)胞,人細(xì)胞系,人細(xì)胞株
3h biomedical,3H Biomedical AB,3hbiomedical,3-M Company,4adi,4rtilab,5 prime,5prime a & g pharmaceuticals,A&D Weighing,Aalto Scientific,Aalto Scientific ltd,Aalto Scientific,ltd.,aaltobioreagents,aaltoscientific,aat bioquest AAT Bioquest Inc,AB Biolabs,ab peptides,AB Sciex,Abaxis,Abazyme,Abberior,abbexa abbiotec,Abbkine,abbomax,Abbott Molecular,abcam,ABclonal,ABclonal Inc.,abcore-inc abcr GmbH,abcrGmbH,abcysonline,ABD,ABD Bioquest,Inc,abd serotec,ab-direct,abdserotec Abeomics,abfrontier,abgab,abgene,abgent,ABI Applied Biosystems,abiocode,abionline Abkem Iberia,ABL,Inc,Abliance,abm Inc.,abmart,abmgood,Abmole,Abmole Bioscience Inc. abnova,Abraxis,Absolute Antibody,ABT Beads,abt beads technologies,ABTbeads,abvision,Abways abzoom,academy biomed,academy bio-medical,acanthus research,acanthusresearch,ACC,accelagen,Accelagen inc. Access Biologicals,LLC,accessbiologicals,acciusa,accu-chek,AccuDiag Allergy,AccuDiag Anemia,AccuDiag Autoimmune Diseases,AccuDiag Bone Metabolism AccuDiag Thyroid,accumax accutase,Accumetrics,Accurate,accurate chemical,Accurate Wirecraft Company,accuratechemical,accustandard acdbio,Ace Glass,Ace Hose and Rubber Co,ACEA Biosciences,ACL Incorporated,ACME Microspheres Inc,ACMEmicrospheres,acris acris antibodies,Acris Antibodies GmbH,acris-antibodies,ACROBiosystems,acrometrix,acros,Acros Organics,ACT Test Panels LLC actc,actgene,active motif,activemotif,Adam Equipment,Inc,AddexBio,Addexbio Technologies,addgene ademtech,adg,ADI,ADInstruments,adipogen,Adolf Kuhner,adooq,Advance Tabco advanced immunochemical,advanced immunochemical inc,advanced targeting systems,Advansta,Advansta Inc.,Advansta,Inc,Advantech,Advent Electric Inc adventbio,advnt,advtechind,advy chemical,advy chemical Purified Proteins,advychemical Polyclonal Antisera,aesku,aetltd affiland,affinity,affinity biologicals,affinity bioreagent,Affinity BioReagents,Affinity BioReagents abr,Affinity Biosciences,affinitybiologicals AffinityBioReagents,AffinityImmuno,affix scientific,affixscientific,affymetrix,ag scientific,Agar Scientific,agarscientific agdia,Agela Technologies,agilent,Agilent Seahorse,agilent technologies,agilet,agilet solutions,agiletsolutions agrenvec,agrisera,AGRO-BIO,agscientific,ahdiagnostics,ahf,AHF analysentechnik,AHF analysentechnik AG Air Technology Solutions,Airgas Safety,Air-Tite,AJAX SCIENTIFIC LTD,AK Limited,Akro-Mils,ALA Scientfic,alamarblue Alba Bioscience,Alconox Inc,aldevron,alerchek,alere,Alexis,ALEXIS Biochemicals,Alfa Aesar Aline Biosciences,AlineBiosciences,All Foils Incorporated,Allcells,allele biotech,allelebiotech,allen-bradley,AllerMAbs
大鼠細(xì)胞,大鼠細(xì)胞系
細(xì)胞株,細(xì)胞系,傳代細(xì)胞
白鰱細(xì)胞 斑馬魚細(xì)胞 豹貓細(xì)胞 成人細(xì)胞 赤狐細(xì)胞 大額牛細(xì)胞 大耳山羊細(xì)胞 大黃魚細(xì)胞 大長(zhǎng)舌果蝠細(xì)胞 俄勒岡地鼠細(xì)胞 非洲綠猴細(xì)胞 高背鯽魚細(xì)胞 果蠅細(xì)胞 果子貍細(xì)胞 荷蘭黑白花奶牛細(xì)胞 黑化大家鼠細(xì)胞 花鼠細(xì)胞 家兔細(xì)胞 昆蟲細(xì)胞 綠猴細(xì)胞 馬鐵菊頭蝠細(xì)胞 綿羊細(xì)胞 三葉小蹄蝠細(xì)胞 散鱗鏡鯉細(xì)胞 社鼠細(xì)胞 鼠細(xì)胞 樹鼩細(xì)胞 團(tuán)頭魴細(xì)胞 新生兒細(xì)胞 新生牛細(xì)胞 敘利亞倉鼠細(xì)胞 長(zhǎng)尾綠猴細(xì)胞 中國倉鼠細(xì)胞 中華鱉細(xì)胞 棕果蝠細(xì)胞 腫瘤細(xì)胞 豬細(xì)胞 兔細(xì)胞 犬細(xì)胞
抗體庫,小包裝,流式抗體
SIGMA現(xiàn)貨,SIGMA代理

微生物的自然決策方式值得學(xué)習(xí)

時(shí)間:2010-12-1閱讀:1898
分享:

微生物的自然決策方式值得學(xué)習(xí)

博弈論作為應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)的一個(gè)重要分支,已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域,當(dāng)然還包括拉斯維加斯的賭場(chǎng)。人們?cè)噲D通過衡量別人的選擇,來作出自己的決定。但是,以色列特拉維夫大學(xué)的研究人員zui近的研究結(jié)果表明,如果要想立于不敗之地,把握勝機(jī),人類可能還需要向微生物學(xué)習(xí)。該論文發(fā)表在近期的美國《國家科學(xué)院院刊》上。

特拉維夫大學(xué)物理及天文學(xué)系教授本·埃莎爾·雅各布及其同事研究發(fā)現(xiàn),博弈論目前尚不能解釋說明微生物的自然決策能力。雖然微生物的決策十分簡(jiǎn)單,但卻行之有效。如果人類能夠理解微生物在緊張和危險(xiǎn)條件下的反應(yīng)方式,不僅可以提高處理日常生活的能力,甚至還可以影響到政治進(jìn)程。

雅各布教授表示,雖然人類自認(rèn)為可以作出理性決策,但在冗余“噪音”的影響下,很難維持客觀。人類在決策時(shí),不僅與其個(gè)人的認(rèn)知狀態(tài)有關(guān),而且還會(huì)受到他人影響;而微生物則可以有效地控制這些多余的噪音,作出有利于整體的抉擇。

微生物表面上看起來十分簡(jiǎn)單,但菌群的構(gòu)成卻十分復(fù)雜。菌群數(shù)量比目前地球總?cè)丝谶€要超出100倍之多。在這樣的環(huán)境中,微生物必須具備評(píng)估周圍嘈雜和緊張環(huán)境的能力,過濾出什么條件生死攸關(guān),什么條件無足輕重,并zui終作出有利于整個(gè)菌群生存的決策。例如,微生物對(duì)饑餓或中毒的反應(yīng)是,一部分微生物會(huì)形成孢子,將DNA(脫氧核糖核酸)封閉起來,母細(xì)胞死亡,這確保了整個(gè)菌群的生存。一旦威脅消除,孢子萌發(fā),菌群重新生長(zhǎng)繁殖。在此過程中,微生物還要選擇是否進(jìn)入一種“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”狀態(tài),即通過改變細(xì)胞膜以更容易吸收來自鄰近其他死亡細(xì)胞的物質(zhì)。如此一來,在生存壓力消失后,這些微生物可以更快地恢復(fù)正常生活。雅各布教授認(rèn)為,這是一個(gè)艱難的選擇,甚至可以說是一場(chǎng)賭bo,因?yàn)橹挥挟?dāng)其它微生物進(jìn)入到孢子休眠狀態(tài)時(shí),形勢(shì)才對(duì)進(jìn)入到“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”狀態(tài)的微生物有利。

觀測(cè)顯示,只有約10%的微生物進(jìn)入到“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”狀態(tài),為什么不是所有的微生物同時(shí)進(jìn)入到“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”狀態(tài)呢?這是因?yàn)槲⑸锊粫?huì)向自己的同伴隱瞞自己的意圖,也不會(huì)說謊或推諉,它們之間可通過發(fā)送化學(xué)信息來傳遞個(gè)體的意圖。個(gè)體微生物根據(jù)所面對(duì)的生存壓力,根據(jù)同伴的處境,根據(jù)有多少細(xì)胞處于休眠狀態(tài)以及有多少細(xì)胞處于“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”狀態(tài),來仔細(xì)權(quán)衡,zui終決定個(gè)體的狀態(tài)。

雅各布教授表示,人類在很多時(shí)候都面臨著類似的處境。比如,在流感季節(jié)是否選擇接種疫苗就面臨著類似的情況:你是冒著承擔(dān)副作用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來接種,還是相信你周圍其他人會(huì)接種疫苗,或者你愿意承擔(dān)可能患病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以避免接種疫苗的副作用。政客也是如此,在諸如國家債務(wù)是否會(huì)損害社會(huì)的整體利益等等關(guān)鍵問題上同樣面臨抉擇。

雅各布教授認(rèn)為,決策過程中很難避免周圍環(huán)境中存在“噪音”,但人類可以像微生物一樣,利用這些信息來制定行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。雖然微生物都是個(gè)體反應(yīng),但它們之間同樣有協(xié)調(diào)互動(dòng)。重要的是zui終作出的選擇不僅能使個(gè)體受益,也要讓整體獲益。社會(huì)需要約束,對(duì)于個(gè)體需要設(shè)置一些界限,而不能只是損人利己。

推薦英文摘要:

PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1009906107

Commensal bacteria play a role in mating preference of Drosophila melanogaster
Gil Sharona, Daniel Segala, John M. Ringob, Abraham Hefetzc, Ilana Zilber-Rosenbergd, and Eugene Rosenberga,1

aDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Aviv University, Aviv 69978, Israel;
bSchool of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469;
cDepartment of Zoology, Aviv University, Aviv 69978, Israel; and
d18 Rachavat Ilan St., Givat Shmuel 51905, Israel

Development of mating preference is considered to be an early event in speciation. In this study, mating preference was achieved by dividing a population of Drosophila melanogaster and rearing one part on a molasses medium and the other on a starch medium. When the isolated populations were mixed, “molasses flies” preferred to mate with other molasses flies and “starch flies” preferred to mate with other starch flies. The mating preference appeared after only one generation and was maintained for at least 37 generations. Antibiotic treatment abolished mating preference, suggesting that the fly microbiota was responsible for the phenomenon. This was confirmed by infection experiments with microbiota obtained from the fly media (before antibiotic treatment) as well as with a mixed culture of Lactobacillus species and a pure culture of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from starch flies. Analytical data suggest that symbiotic bacteria can influence mating preference by changing the levels of cuticular hydrocarbon sex pheromones. The results are discussed within the framework of the hologenome theory of evolution.

乾思生物整理編輯: 進(jìn)口elisa試劑盒,國產(chǎn)elisa試劑盒,elisa試劑盒,試劑盒,dna提取試劑盒,免疫組化試劑盒,rna提取試劑盒,質(zhì)粒提取試劑盒,dna試劑盒

會(huì)員登錄

×

請(qǐng)輸入賬號(hào)

請(qǐng)輸入密碼

=

請(qǐng)輸驗(yàn)證碼

收藏該商鋪

X
該信息已收藏!
標(biāo)簽:
保存成功

(空格分隔,最多3個(gè),單個(gè)標(biāo)簽最多10個(gè)字符)

常用:

提示

X
您的留言已提交成功!我們將在第一時(shí)間回復(fù)您~
撥打電話
在線留言
江山市| 余庆县| 琼中| 泽库县| 翼城县| 庆元县| 竹山县| 文山县| 星子县| 洪湖市| 阳江市| 肃宁县| 保定市| 沁源县| 昌黎县| 东兴市| 泽普县| 申扎县| 七台河市| 土默特左旗| 上栗县| 夏河县| 佳木斯市| 田东县| 高雄县| 安康市| 通山县| 胶州市| 商城县| 锦州市| 巴南区| 芦山县| 焦作市| 吉隆县| 武汉市| 阿鲁科尔沁旗| 潜山县| 宝坻区| 万源市| 三门县| 邛崃市|