GMW14865
 
Determination of Scratch Resistance of Organic Coatings - Simulation of Car Wash Installations
有機(jī)涂層耐刮擦性的測定——模擬洗車裝置
 
1 Scope
The purpose of this test is the simulation of a car washing installation and the determination of the
scratch resistance of organic coatings.
Note: Nothing in the specification supersedes applicable laws and regulations.
Note: In the event of a conflict between the English and the domestic language, the English language shall take precedence.
1范圍
本測試的目的是模擬洗車裝置，并確定有機(jī)涂層的耐刮擦性。
注：本規(guī)范中的任何內(nèi)容均不得取代適用的法律法規(guī)。
注：如果英語和國內(nèi)語言之間存在沖突，應(yīng)以英語為準(zhǔn)。
2 References
Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.
2參考文獻(xiàn)
注：除非另有規(guī)定，否則僅適用最新批準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
2.1 External Standards/Specifications.
ASTM D2486
DIN 12605
DIN 67530
ISO 787-7
ISO 2813
2.1外部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/規(guī)范。
ASTM D2486
DIN12605
DIN67530
ISO 787-7
ISO 2813
2.2 GM Group Standards/Specifications.
GMI 60300
2.2通用汽車集團(tuán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/規(guī)范。
GMI 60300
2.3 Additional References. None.
2.3其他參考文獻(xiàn)。沒有。

3 Test Equipment
3測試設(shè)備
3.1 Test devices for sample pre-treatment according to GMI 60300.
3.1根據(jù)GMI 60300進(jìn)行樣品預(yù)處理的測試設(shè)備。
 
3.2 Gloss measuring instrument (e.g. micro-TRIgloss, Byk-Gardner).
3.2光澤度測量儀器（如Byk-Gardner的micro-TRI光澤度）。
3.3 Washability and abrasion tester with brush and brush holder according to ASTM D2486 (e.g. Model 494, Erichsen).
3.3根據(jù)ASTM D2486（例如型號494，Erichsen）的帶刷子和刷架的可洗性和耐磨性測試儀。
3.4 Suitable precision balance.
3.4合適的精密天平。
3.5 Drying oven capable of maintaining the specified temperatures according to this test procedure.
3.5干燥箱能夠根據(jù)本試驗程序保持規(guī)定的溫度。
3.6 Micronized Calcium Carbonate with the following characteristics:
• Chemical composition:
3.6具有以下特征的微粉化碳酸鈣：
•化學(xué)成分：
CaCO3 3 98.5 %,
Fe2O3 ￡ 0.1 %
• Hardness: 3 Mohs
• Density: 2.7 g/ cm3
• Particle size distribution:
Sieve residue 45 µm (ISO 787-7): ￡ 0.1 %,
Upper cut (D 98 %): 12 µm,
Average particle diameter (D 50 %): 2.5 µm,
Particle proportion < 2 µm: 40 %
(e.g. Millicarb BG supplied by OMYA GmbH, Brohler Stra?e 11a, Cologne, Germany)
3.7 Standard Ground Weighing Bottles according to DIN 12605; h = 30 mm, d = 50 mm.
3.7符合DIN 12605的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地面稱重瓶；h=30毫米，d=50毫米。
3.8 Spatula.
3.8抹刀。
3.9 Graduated pipette 2.5 ml.
3.9刻度移液管2.5 ml。
3.10 De-ionized water.
3.10去離子水。
3.11 Closed storage container, filled with de-ionized water to immerse the ASTM brushes.
3.11封閉的儲存容器，裝滿去離子水以浸沒ASTM刷子。
3.12 Soft, non-scratching, absorbent tissues.
3.12柔軟、不劃傷、吸水的紙巾。
4 Test Material
4試驗材料
The test shall be performed on specially prepared test samples with the dimensions
(450 ± 5) mm x (170 ± 5) mm and a thickness of 10 mm max., which have been painted according
to the requirements of the material specification. Test samples of coated metals as well as coated plastics may be used.
應(yīng)在專門制備的尺寸為
（450±5）mm x（170±5）毫米，最大厚度為10毫米，已根據(jù)符合材料規(guī)范的要求。可以使用涂層金屬和涂層塑料的測試樣品。
5 Test Method
5.1 Summary of Test Method.
To simulate the stress of paint surfaces in car wash installations and to test their scratch resistance, the test samples are scratched with an abrasion tester using an oscillating brush charged with calcium carbonate slurry (scratching medium is the slurry, not the brush.) The gloss of the test sample shall be measured before and after scratching and the gloss reduction after strain shall be calculated.
The determined value of gloss reduction in % is the measure of the scratch resistance of paints.
5試驗方法
5.1試驗方法總結(jié)。
為了模擬洗車裝置中油漆表面的應(yīng)力并測試其耐刮擦性，使用裝有碳酸鈣漿料的振刷（刮擦介質(zhì)是漿料，而不是刷子）用磨損試驗機(jī)刮擦試樣。應(yīng)在刮擦前后測量試樣的光澤度，并計算應(yīng)變后的光澤度降低。
光澤度降低的確定值（%）是涂料耐刮擦性的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
5.2 Test Sample Preparation.
 It shall be ensured that the organic coating is completely dried. Therefore pre-treatment and test should be performed after a specified period after date of manufacturing.
5.2試樣制備。
應(yīng)確保有機(jī)涂層干燥。因此，預(yù)處理和測試應(yīng)在制造日期后的時間后進(jìn)行。
5.2.1 Oven-curing organic coatings: Not earlier than 7 days after coating and baking.
5.2.1烘箱固化有機(jī)涂料：不早于涂層和烘烤后7天。
5.2.2 Air drying organic coatings: Not earlier than 10 days after application.
5.2.2空氣干燥有機(jī)涂料：涂覆后不早于10天。
5.2.3 Parts supplied with organic coatings shall be tested as delivered, except in cases where the time periods are less than those specified in paragraph
5.2.3提供有機(jī)涂層的零件應(yīng)在交付時進(jìn)行測試，除非時間短于第段中規(guī)定的時間
5.2.1 and 5.2.2.
5.3 Test Procedure. The test shall be performed in a temperature range of (+20...+26) C.
5.3測試程序。試驗應(yīng)在（+20…+26）℃的溫度范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行。
5.3.1 The initial paint gloss of the cleaned test sample shall be determined.
The gloss measurement shall be performed according to DIN 67530 / ISO 2813, 20 optical angle, at the 5 marked measurement points "x" (distance between the points: 35 mm, see Figure 1).
The position of the measurement points shall be selected so that they are located in the central area of the subsequent scratch paths, which shall be set out in the Y-direction.
The initial gloss value G0 is the mean value measured at the 5 marked points
5.3.1應(yīng)測定清潔后的試樣的初始油漆光澤度。
光澤度測量應(yīng)按照DIN 67530/ISO 2813，20個光學(xué)角度，在5個標(biāo)記的測量點“x”（點之間的距離：35 mm，見圖1）進(jìn)行。
應(yīng)選擇測量點的位置，使其位于后續(xù)劃痕路徑的中心區(qū)域，這些劃痕路徑應(yīng)在Y方向上設(shè)置。
初始光澤度值G0是在5個標(biāo)記點測量的平均值
Figure 1: Arrangement Of Measurement Points
1 Scratch path, 25 double strokes
2 Scratch path, 200 double strokes
(5 ± 0.01) g micronized Calcium Carbonate shall be weighed into a weighing bottle, mixed with 2.5 ml de-ionized water and stirred to a homogeneous slurry using a spatula.
The ASTM brush shall be removed from the storage container and be shaken vigorously to remove most of the adhering water in order to prevent a dilution of the slurry.
Immediately thereafter, the slurry shall be applied evenly over the bristle-end surface of the brush,
using the spatula.
1個劃痕路徑，25個雙筆劃
2劃痕路徑，200雙筆劃
將（5±0.01）g微粉化碳酸鈣稱重到稱重瓶中，與2.5 ml去離子水混合，并用抹刀攪拌成均勻的漿液。
應(yīng)從儲存容器中取出ASTM刷子，用力搖晃以去除大部分粘附的水，以防止?jié){料稀釋。
此后，應(yīng)立即將漿料均勻地涂在刷子的鬃毛端面上，
 

5.3.2 The brush charged with the slurry shall then be fixed into the brush holder of the tester and positioned on the test surface.
Test cycle I (25 double strokes) respectively test cycle II (200 double strokes) are carried out.
Subsequently, the test sample shall be pre-rinsed with running cold tap water, thereafter with de-ionized water and then dried with a soft absorbent tissue.
The used brush shall be thoroughly pre-rinsed with running cold tap water, thereafter flushed with de-ionized water.
After use the ASTM brush is stored in a closed storage container filled with de-ionized water.
 The brush shall be completely immersed with the bristles pointing vertically upwards.
This ensures a constant swelling and prevents a deforming of the Polyamide bristles.
使用抹刀。
5.3.2然后將裝有漿料的刷子固定在測試儀的刷架上，并放置在測試表面上。
分別進(jìn)行測試循環(huán)I（25次雙沖程）和測試循環(huán)II（200次雙沖程。
隨后，應(yīng)使用流動的冷自來水對測試樣品進(jìn)行預(yù)沖洗，然后用去離子水沖洗，最后用柔軟的吸水紙巾干燥。
用過的刷子應(yīng)先用流動的冷自來水沖洗，然后用去離子水沖洗。
使用后，將ASTM刷子存放在裝有去離子水的封閉儲存容器中。
刷子應(yīng)浸入水中，刷毛朝上。
這確保了聚酰胺鬃毛的持續(xù)膨脹并防止其變形。
6 Evaluation and Rating
Abrasion tester and brush holder shall be calibrated according to ASTM D2486.
The brush conditions shall be checked in regular periods and exchanged if necessary.
This the case, when e.g. the protruding bristles have a length < 19 mm in soaked condition (or < 18 mm in dry condition) or the bristles are damaged or deformed.
Furthermore the brush shall be exchanged after a maximum of 100 000 double strokes or an application period of 3 years.
6評估和評級
磨損試驗機(jī)和電刷架應(yīng)按照ASTM D2486進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)。
應(yīng)定期檢查電刷狀況，必要時進(jìn)行更換。
例如，當(dāng)突出的鬃毛在浸泡狀態(tài)下的長度小于19毫米（或在干燥狀態(tài)下小于18毫米）或鬃毛損壞或變形時，就會出現(xiàn)這種情況。
此外，刷子應(yīng)在最多100000次雙沖程或3年的使用期后更換。
 
6.1 The gloss is measured immediately after stressing. In each case, the gloss measuring instrument shall be positioned parallel to the scratches I (25 double strokes) and II (200 double strokes) on the previously, precisely defined measurement points (see Figure 1) and the gloss (20 optic) shall be measured according to DIN 67530 / ISO 2813.
Both gloss values G25 and G200 shall be determined via calculation of the mean value.
6.1應(yīng)力處理后立即測量光澤度。在每種情況下，光澤度測量儀器應(yīng)平行于之前精確定義的測量點上的劃痕I（25個雙筆劃）和II（200個雙沖程）放置（見圖1），光澤度（20個光學(xué)）應(yīng)根據(jù)DIN 67530/ISO 2813進(jìn)行測量。
光澤度值G25和G200應(yīng)通過計算平均值來確定。
6.2 The test samples shall then be stored for 1 h in a heating cabinet at a temperature of (+80 ± 3) C and shall be measured analogously to paragraph 6.1 after heat treatment.
The gloss values G25(recovery) and G200(recovery) are obtained.
6.2然后，應(yīng)將試驗樣品在溫度為（+80±3）C的加熱柜中儲存1小時，并在熱處理后按照第6.1段進(jìn)行類似測量。
獲得光澤度值G25（恢復(fù)）和G200（恢復(fù)）。
6.3 The result of the scratch test shall be specified in % gloss reduction after 25 or 200 double strokes.
Gloss reduction (L) is calculated using the following formula:
The values L25 and L200 characterize the scratch resistance of paint surfaces immediately after stressing. However, as organic coatings are able, to some extent, to recover from this stressing, it is important to determine the values L25(rec.) and L200(rec.), which better describe the characteristics of paint surfaces in respect of their behavior in car washing installations.
The calculated values L25(rec.) and L200(rec.) serve to characterize scratch resistance
6.3劃痕試驗的結(jié)果應(yīng)以25或200次雙沖程后光澤度降低的百分比表示。
光澤度降低（L）使用以下公式計算：

值L25和L200表征了施加應(yīng)力后油漆表面的耐刮擦性。然而，由于有機(jī)涂層能夠在一定程度上從這種應(yīng)力中恢復(fù)，因此確定L25（rec.）和L200（rec）。
計算值L25（rec.）和L200（rec）

7 Report
With reference to this test procedure the results shall be presented in a test report.
7報告
根據(jù)本測試程序，結(jié)果應(yīng)在測試報告中呈現(xiàn)。
 
8 Safety
This method may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This method does not propose to adress all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of user of this method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
8安全
這種方法可能涉及危險材料、操作和設(shè)備。這種方法并不打算解決與其使用相關(guān)的所有安全問題。該方法的使用者有責(zé)任在使用前建立適當(dāng)?shù)陌踩徒】祵嵺`，并確定監(jiān)管限制的適用性。
 
9 Coding System
This Test Method shall be called up in other documents, drawings, VTS, CTS etc. as follows:
“Test to GW14865”
10 Release and Revisions
10.1 Release.
This standard originated in NOV 2005, replacing GME 60472. It was first approved by
the Global Materials Team in SEP 2006. It was first published in JAN 2007.