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SICK緊湊型光電開(kāi)關(guān)WL27-3技術(shù)參數(shù)
最近更新時(shí)間:2013-4-23
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對(duì)射型SICK光電開(kāi)關(guān),若把發(fā)光器和收光器分離開(kāi),就可使檢測(cè)距離加大,一個(gè)發(fā)光器和一個(gè)收光器組成對(duì)射分離式光電開(kāi)關(guān),簡(jiǎn)稱對(duì)射式光電開(kāi)關(guān)。對(duì)射式光電開(kāi)關(guān)的檢測(cè)距離可達(dá)幾米乃至幾十米。使用對(duì)射式光電開(kāi)關(guān)時(shí)把發(fā)光器和收光器分別裝在檢測(cè)物通過(guò)路徑的兩側(cè),檢測(cè)物通過(guò)時(shí)阻擋光路,收光器就動(dòng)作輸出一個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)控制信號(hào)。傳感器早已滲透到諸如工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、宇宙開(kāi)發(fā)、海洋探測(cè)、環(huán)境保護(hù)、資源調(diào)查、醫(yī)學(xué)診斷、生物工程、甚至文物保護(hù)等等極其之泛的領(lǐng)域。光敏二極管的外型與一般二極管一樣,只是它的管殼上開(kāi)有一個(gè)嵌著玻璃的窗口,以便于光線射入,為增加受光面積,PN結(jié)的面積做得較大,光敏二極管工作在反向偏置的工作狀態(tài)下,并與負(fù)載電阻相串聯(lián),當(dāng)無(wú)光照時(shí),它與普通二極管一樣,反向電流很小,稱為光敏二極管的暗電流;當(dāng)有光照時(shí),載流子被激發(fā),產(chǎn)生電子-空穴,稱為光電SICK光電開(kāi)關(guān)載流子。在實(shí)際工作中,為使儀表具有均勻刻度的讀數(shù),常用一條擬合直線近似地代表實(shí)際的特性曲線、線性度(非線性誤差)就是這個(gè)近似程度的一個(gè)性能指標(biāo)。擬合直線的選取有多種方法。如將零輸入和滿量程輸出點(diǎn)相連的理論直線作為擬合直線;或?qū)⑴c特性曲線上各點(diǎn)偏差的平方和為zui小的理論直線作為擬合直線,此擬合直線稱為zui小二乘法擬合直線。SICK光電開(kāi)關(guān)光敏二極管是zui常見(jiàn)的光傳感器。
SICK傳感器的靈敏度靈敏度是指?jìng)鞲衅髟诜€(wěn)態(tài)工作情況傳感器下輸出量變化△y對(duì)輸入量變化△x的比值。它是輸出一輸入特性曲線的斜率。如果傳感器的輸出和輸入之間顯線性關(guān)系,則靈敏度S是一個(gè)常數(shù)。否則,它將隨輸入量的變化而變化。靈敏度的量綱是輸出、輸入量的量綱之比。在外電場(chǎng)的作用下,光電載流子參于導(dǎo)電,形成比暗電流大得多的反向電流,該反向電流稱為光電流。光電流的大小與光照強(qiáng)度成正比,于是在負(fù)載電阻上就能得到隨光照強(qiáng)度變化而變化的電信號(hào)。光敏三極管除了具有光敏二極管能將光信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào)的功能外,還有對(duì)電信號(hào)放大的功能。光敏三級(jí)管的外型與一般三極管相差不大,一般光敏三極管只引出兩個(gè)極--發(fā)射極和集電極,基極不引出,管殼同樣開(kāi)窗口,以便光線射入。為增大光照,基區(qū)面積做得很大,發(fā)射區(qū)較小,入射光主要被基區(qū)吸收。工作時(shí)集電結(jié)反偏,發(fā)射結(jié)正偏。在無(wú)光照時(shí)管子流過(guò)的電流為暗電流Iceo=(1+β)Icbo(很?。?,比一般三極管的穿透電流還小;當(dāng)有光照時(shí),激發(fā)大量的電子-空穴對(duì),使得基極產(chǎn)生的電流Ib增大,此刻流過(guò)管子的電流稱為光電流,集電極電流Ic=(1+β)Ib,可見(jiàn)光電三極管要比光電二極管具有更高的靈敏度。分類和工作方式槽型SICK光電開(kāi)關(guān)把一個(gè)光發(fā)射器和一個(gè)接收器面對(duì)面地裝在一個(gè)槽的兩側(cè)組成槽形光電。發(fā)光器能發(fā)出紅外光或可見(jiàn)光,在無(wú)阻情況下光接收器能收到光。但當(dāng)被檢測(cè)物體從槽中通過(guò)時(shí),光被遮擋,光電開(kāi)關(guān)便動(dòng)作,輸出一個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)控制信號(hào),切斷或接通負(fù)載電流,從而完成一次控制動(dòng)作。槽形開(kāi)關(guān)的檢測(cè)距離因?yàn)槭苷w結(jié)構(gòu)的限制一般只有幾厘米。
SICK光電開(kāi)關(guān)在一般情況下,有三部分構(gòu)成,它們分為:發(fā)送器、接收器和檢測(cè)電路。發(fā)送器對(duì)準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)發(fā)射光束,發(fā)射的光束一般來(lái)源于半導(dǎo)體光源,發(fā)光二極管(LED)、激光二極管及紅外發(fā)射二極管。光束不間斷地發(fā)射,或者改變脈沖寬度。接收器有光電二極管、光電三極管、光電池組成。在接收器的前面,裝有光學(xué)元件如透鏡和光圈等。在其后面是檢測(cè)電路,它能濾出有效信號(hào)和應(yīng)用該信號(hào)。此外,光電開(kāi)關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)元件中還有發(fā)射板和光導(dǎo)纖維。三角反射板是結(jié)構(gòu)牢固的發(fā)射裝置。它由很小的三角錐體反射材料組成,能夠使光束準(zhǔn)確地從反射板中返回,具有實(shí)用意義。它可以在與光軸0到25的范圍改變發(fā)射角,使光束幾乎是從一根發(fā)射線,經(jīng)過(guò)反射后,還是從這根反射線返回。
SICK光電開(kāi)關(guān)在選擇參數(shù)的時(shí)候要注意那幾個(gè)步驟是通過(guò)把光強(qiáng)度的變化轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào)的變化來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)控制的??梢院敛豢鋸埖卣f(shuō),從茫茫的太空,到浩瀚的海洋,以至各種復(fù)雜的工程系統(tǒng),幾乎每一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化項(xiàng)目,都離不開(kāi)各種各樣的傳感器。由此可見(jiàn),傳感器技術(shù)在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步方面的重要作用,是十分明顯的。世界各國(guó)都十分重視這一領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。相信不久的將來(lái),傳感器技術(shù)將會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)飛躍,達(dá)到與其重要地位相稱的新水平。傳感器的動(dòng)態(tài)特性常用它對(duì)某些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入信號(hào)的響應(yīng)來(lái)表示。這是因?yàn)閭鞲衅鲗?duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入信號(hào)的響應(yīng)容易用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法求得,并且它對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入信號(hào)的響應(yīng)與它對(duì)任意輸入信號(hào)的響應(yīng)之間存在一定的關(guān)系,往往知道了前者就能推定后者。zui常用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入信號(hào)有階躍信號(hào)和正弦信號(hào)兩種,所以傳感器的動(dòng)態(tài)特性也常用階躍響應(yīng)和頻率響應(yīng)來(lái)表示。SICK傳感器的線性度通常情況下,傳感器的實(shí)際靜態(tài)特性輸出是條曲線而非直線。
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SICK光電開(kāi)關(guān),SICK傳感器,施克光電開(kāi)關(guān)現(xiàn)貨,德國(guó)SICK原裝。